- Crude oil is a naturally-occurring substance found in certain rock formations in the earth.
- It is a dark, sticky liquid which, scientifically speaking, is classified as a hydrocarbon.
- This means, it is a compound containing carbon and hydrogen, with or without non-metallic elements such as oxygen and sulfur.
- Crude oil is highly flammable and can be burned to create energy. Along with its sister hydrocarbon, natural gas, derivatives from crude oil make an excellent fuel.
- Crude oil is measured in barrels.
- When crude oil first came into large-scale commercial use in the United States in the 19th century, it was stored in wooden barrels.
- One barrel equals 42 US gallons, or 159 litres.
- In some cases crude oil is also measured in tons.
- The number of barrels contained in each ton vary depending on the type and specific gravity of each crude, however the average number considered would be around 7.33 barrels per each ton.
- World proven crude oil reserves are estimated at slightly more than 1.2 trillion barrels, of which OPEC Member Countries hold approximately 78 per cent.
- OPEC's Members in 2007 produced around 32.1 million barrels per day of crude oil, or 44.9 per cent of the world total output, which stood at about 71.5 million barrels per day.
- At the rate of production in 2007, OPEC crude oil reserves are sufficient to last more than 80 years.
Uses of Crude Oil
Burning crude oil itself is of limited use. To extract the maximum value from crude, it first needs to be refined into petroleum products. The best-known of these is gasoline, or petrol. However, there are many other products that can be obtained when a barrel of crude oil is refined. These include liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), naphtha, kerosene, gasoil and fuel oil. Other useful products which are not fuels can also be manufactured by refining crude oil, such as lubricants and asphalt (used in paving roads). A range of sub-items like perfumes and insecticides are also ultimately derived from crude oil. Considering the vast number of products that are derived from it, crude oil is a very versatile substance. Life as we know it today would be extremely difficult without crude oil and its by-products. The Term OPEC is .... The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) It is a permanent intergovernmental organization, currently consisting of 13 oil producing and exporting countries, spread across three continents America, Asia and Africa. The members are Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Indonesia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, the Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates & Venezuela. These countries have a population of more than 600 million and for nearly all of them, oil is the main marketable commodity and foreign exchange earner. Thus, for these countries, oil is the vital key to development – economic, social and political. Their oil revenues are used not only to expand their economic and industrial base, but also to provide their people with jobs, education, health care and a decent standard of living.
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